Help:Editing

Start your sections as follows:

[edit] New section

[edit] Subsection

[edit] Sub-subsection

==New section==

===Subsection===

====Sub-subsection====

A single newline has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the diff function.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph.

A single newline
has no effect on the layout. 
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the ''diff'' function.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph.

You can break lines
without starting a new paragraph.

You can break lines<br />
without starting a new paragraph.

• Lists are easy to do:
  • start every line with a star
    • more stars means deeper levels

* Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels

1. Numbered lists are also good
   1. very organized
   2. easy to follow

# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow

• You can even do mixed lists
  1. and nest them
     • like this

* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this

Definition list 

list of definitions

item 

the item's definition

; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition

• One item per line, NEWLINE only before the colon. The space before the colon improves parsing.

A colon indents a line or paragraph.

A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

• This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on Talk pages.

: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

IF a line starts with a space THEN
  it will be formatted exactly 
    as typed;
  in a fixed-width font;
  lines won't wrap;
ENDIF

this is useful for:

• pasting preformatted text;
• algorithm descriptions;
• program source code;
• ASCII art and chemical structures;

WARNING: If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable, especially for people who use lower resolutions. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.

 IF a line starts with a space THEN
   it will be formatted exactly 
     as typed;
   in a fixed-width font;
   lines won't wrap;
 ENDIF

<center>Centered text.</center>

and this is below it.

Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages.

In rare times used to disambiguate an expression without creating a separate page.

A horizontal dividing line: this is above it
----
and this is below it.

See the system requirements.

• First letter of target is automatically capitalized.
• Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).

Thus the link above is to http://docs.phpcms.de/index.php/System_requirements, which is the article with the name "System requirements".

See the [[system requirements]].

Same target, different name: license.
(This is a piped link.)

Same target, different name: [[phpCMS License|license]]

Endings are blended into the link: testing, genes

E
ndings are blended 
into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s

Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: kingdom.

Automatically hide namespace: Village Pump.

The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature.

Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]]. 

Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]].

Economics#See also is a link to a section within another page.
#Links, URLs is a link to a section on this page.

The part after the # must exactly match a heading on the page (in spelling, case and punctuation). See == headers == above for how to create headings. Links to non-existent sections aren't broken, they are treated as links to the top of the page.

[[Economics#See also]] is a link...<br />
[[#Links, URLs]] is a link...

When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name:

Ignatius

or four for user name plus date/time:

Ignatius 22:20 Aug 16, 2004 (UTC)

When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~

Non existing page is a page that doesn't exist yet.

• You can create it by clicking on the link.
• To create a new page:
  1. Create a link to it on some other page.
  2. Save that page.
  3. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.

[[Non existing page]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.

"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:
Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Editing and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Help:Editing

[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Editing]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Help:Editing]]

A user's "Contributions" page can be linked as:
Special:Contributions/UserName or Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0

[[Special:Contributions/UserName]] or
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]

To put an article in a Category:

[[Category:Article name]]

External link: Plain URL: http://www.nupedia.com/ (no markup)
This is an unnamed link. [1] (using square brackets).
Named link to Nupedia (note use of space, not pipe, to separate URL from name).

External link: 
Plain URL: http://www.nupedia.com/
This is an unnamed link. [http://www.nupedia.com/]
Named link to [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia].

• In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in ASCII).

To link to books, you can use Wikipedia:ISBN links. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use this format.

ISBN 012345678X
ISBN 0-123-45678-X

ISBN 012345678X
ISBN 0-123-45678-X

Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use Special:Preferences to change your own date display setting.

July 20, 1969 , 20 July 1969 and 1969-07-20

[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]] and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]

will all appear as 20 July 1969 if you set your date display preference to 15 January 2001, but July 20, 1969 if you set it to January 15, 2001.

To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.

Sound

[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]

• Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the upload page. You can find the uploaded image on the image list.
• See Wikipedia:Image use policy, Image markup and extended image syntax for more hints.
• Alternative text, used when the image isn't loaded, in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is strongly encouraged. See Alternate text for images for help on choosing it.

A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]

or, with alternate text

[[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]

or, floating to the right side of the page and with a caption.

A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|frame|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]

or, floating to the right side of the page without a caption.

[[Image:Wiki.png|right|]]

Note the extra | after the word right. This is to make sure the image floats to the right side of the page, and not so that the alternate text is "right".

Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: Image:Wiki.png

[[:Image:Wiki.png]]

To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.

Image of a Tornado

[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]

Emphasize, strongly, very strongly.

• These are double and triple apostrophes (single-quote marks), not double-quote marks.
• Note that on almost all browsers, these appear as italic and bold; for semantic reasons, <i> and <b> are preferable in mathematical formulas.

''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.

A typewriter font for monospace text.

• For semantic reasons, <code> should be used instead when writing computer programs

A typewriter font for <tt>monospace text</tt>.

You can use small text for captions.

You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.

You can strike out deleted material and underline new material.

You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and <u>underline new material</u>.

Umlauts and accents:
è é ê ë ì í

À Á Â Ã Ä Å
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù
Ú Û Ü ß à á
â ã ä å æ ç
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô
œ õ ö ø ù ú
û ü ÿ

• See Wikipedia:Special characters.

è é ê ë ì í

À Á Â Ã Ä Å 
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë 
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò 
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù 
Ú Û Ü ß à á 
â ã ä å æ ç 
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô 
œ õ ö ø ù ú 
û ü ÿ

Punctuation:
¿ ¡ § ¶
† ‡ • – —
‹ › « »
‘ ’ “ ”

¿ ¡ § ¶
† ‡ • – —
‹ › « »
‘ ’ “ ”

Commercial symbols:
™ © ® ¢ € ¥
£ ¤

™ © ® ¢ € ¥ 
£ ¤

Subscripts:
x₁ x₂ x₃

Superscripts:
x¹ x² x³ or x¹ x² x³

• The latter method of superscripting can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.

ε₀ = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² C² / J m.

x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub>

x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup>
or x&sup1; x&sup2; x&sup3;

&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup>
C&sup2; / J m.

Greek characters:
α β γ δ ε ζ
η θ ι κ λ μ ν
ξ ο π ρ σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

α β γ δ ε ζ 
η θ ι κ λ μ ν 
ξ ο π ρ  σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π 
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

Math characters:
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ →
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔
→ ↔

• See also WikiProject Mathematics.

∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ →
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔
→ ↔

Spacing in simple math formulas:
Obviously, x² ≥ 0 is true.

• To space things out without allowing line breaks to interrupt the formula, use non-breaking spaces: &nbsp;.

Obviously, <i>x</i>&sup2;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;0 is true.

Complicated formulas:

<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

• See Wikipedia:TeX markup for how to use <math>.
• A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.

: <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

Suppressing interpretation of markup:
Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]

• Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
• Escapes all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.
• Does not escape HTML character references.
• To escape HTML character references such as &rarr; use &amp;rarr;

<nowiki>Link &rarr; (<i>to</i>) 
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>

Commenting page source:
not shown in page

• Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
• Note that most comments should go on the appropriate Talk page.

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